May
31
What kind of grass seed can be grown in colder weather?
Filed Under Garden & Landscape | Comments Off
Apples asked:
We live in Ga and just moved into a new home. The backyard basically consist of Ga clay. We don’t really have the money to spend for a landscaper to come lay sod and so are thinking of planting seeds ourselves. Is there any grass seeds that will grow seeing as fall is just around the corner?
ELMO
___________________________________________________________________
We live in Ga and just moved into a new home. The backyard basically consist of Ga clay. We don’t really have the money to spend for a landscaper to come lay sod and so are thinking of planting seeds ourselves. Is there any grass seeds that will grow seeing as fall is just around the corner?
ELMO
May
31
Backyard Landscaping Ideas
Filed Under Gardening | Comments Off
Doug Woodall asked:
If you have always been interested in the topic of landscaping you should learn about it from the experts. While you can read various gardening magazines, the best way for you to learn about landscaping is to take a landscaping class.
You might be surprised to know that landscaping classes are an excellent option. These classes are usually something that people who are interested in botany like to take, as it is a way to implement their love of plants.
You’ll learn about:
* Plant health, soil, and fertilizers
* Servicing garden tractors and other tools used in landscaping
* Creating landscaping designs using shrubs and ground covers
* Specialty landscaping, starting and operating your own landscaping business
With the right credentials, you can:
* Work for an established landscaping firm or start your own business.
* Complete your training in as little as six months from today, or take longer if you wish.
If you have a basic knowledge of flowers and plants, that basic knowledge will help you when it comes to learning about the basics of landscaping. If, however, you really do not know much about either, that is not a problem, because a landscaping class will teach you all of the basic knowledge plus more.
There are usually several levels of landscaping classes that you can choose from, in accordance with your current knowledge. The basic landscaping classes will most likely have to do with being able to identify certain kinds of plants, and how they can be implemented into various landscaping designs.
One important thing that you should know about landscaping is that you will need to pay attention to the kinds of plants that work well in your climate. For example, if you like a certain kind of plant, but that plant is only right in warmer climates, and you live in a colder climate, you will need to find a plant that can work with your climate.
Another important thing to learn about landscaping is the quality of soil that you have, because it varies with the climate. The kind of soil that you have should have sufficient nutrients, so you might need to get soil that has all the nutrients that your plants need. If you decide to take a class about landscaping, that should be one of the topics.
While your front yard landscaping is generally going to be about other people and what they see, your backyard landscaping is all about you. Backyard landscaping is one of the most popular methods in improving your outdoor space without spending too much money on materials, labor and other tasks involved in implementing a landscape design.
With backyard landscaping, not only can you achieve an improved overall appearance of your outdoor area, adding landscape elements can also benefit your home by providing environmental functions, increasing real estate value of your home, saving energy costs and adding privacy to your home.
Backyard landscaping can alter a person’s mood and perception because of the environmental feel of the area. As a result, people who work at home can improve productivity from work when they can work on a stress-free environment. Landscape elements in your backyard can have a positive effect on people with illnesses by giving the patient’s mind a relaxing state that speeds up recovery.
The good thing about backyard landscaping is you can take control of sunshine and air purification. By planning the placements of trees, shrubs and other elements, you can improve air circulation in your backyard, while maintaining adequate sunlight to enter your outdoor space. In addition, planting trees can help reduce pollution because plants can control erosion, reduce wind speed levels and noise effects, disperse mist and help in influencing snow deposition.
Reflect Your Interests
Backyard Landscaping is really very important as this is a place which is a safe and beautiful. Some of the best backyard landscaping ideas for you include making the yard in a style your own. Try to figure out what some of the things are that are important to your family and try to incorporate these things into your backyard landscaping ideas. For instance, if you are really interested in fishing or other outdoor sports, you might want to add these things into your backyard landscaping ideas. Remember that your backyard should be something that you like, and somewhere that your family feels at ease.
Make it Fun
No one said that backyard landscaping ideas had to include frumpy ideas that no one would like. If you are doing your landscaping you should be trying your very best to really make it fun for everyone. Do what you can to make sure that you are allowing yourself and your family plenty of room to play, whether that is with sandboxes, hammocks or a back porch for entertaining guests.
No matter where you live, you are probably going to be spending some time of the year in your backyard. So be sure to make it somewhere that you’d love to be and have some things that everyone will love incorporated in the backyard as well. Try to make it a place which has something to hold every family members interest.
Get everyone’s Input
Backyard landscaping is not just positioning plants in your backyard. Backyard landscaping ideas include asking for everyone’s help and for their suggestions as well. Your whole family can help design the backyard and they can all let you know what they’d like to see in it. If you’d like to get their input but you don’t’ want a million ideas, try to create some ideas on your own and then ask your family for which ones they like best.
The question arises though, exactly what type of backyard landscaping is best for your house. Even young children and seniors can put in their two cents worth. A mosaic stepping-stone competition amongst family members can give you material for a unique walk way into your backyard. By building a tree house (or at least starting with a bird house) you can get the entire family more involved in the outdoors.
If you can let everyone take ownership of the backyard landscaping ideas and everyone feels like they are playing a part, they are going to be more likely to enjoy the backyard and lend a hand in its maintenance and upkeep too!
Use the Internet
An internet search of “Backyard Landscaping Ideas” will give you and your family ideas of what people are doing all over the country. Just make a list of 5 things that everyone agrees on and get started.
Have fun and enjoy!
Copyright © John Hanna All Rights Reserved.
This article may be distributed freely on your website and in your ezines, as long as this entire article, copyright notice, links and the resource box are unchanged.
DOUG
If you have always been interested in the topic of landscaping you should learn about it from the experts. While you can read various gardening magazines, the best way for you to learn about landscaping is to take a landscaping class.
You might be surprised to know that landscaping classes are an excellent option. These classes are usually something that people who are interested in botany like to take, as it is a way to implement their love of plants.
You’ll learn about:
* Plant health, soil, and fertilizers
* Servicing garden tractors and other tools used in landscaping
* Creating landscaping designs using shrubs and ground covers
* Specialty landscaping, starting and operating your own landscaping business
___________________________________________________________________
With the right credentials, you can:
* Work for an established landscaping firm or start your own business.
* Complete your training in as little as six months from today, or take longer if you wish.
If you have a basic knowledge of flowers and plants, that basic knowledge will help you when it comes to learning about the basics of landscaping. If, however, you really do not know much about either, that is not a problem, because a landscaping class will teach you all of the basic knowledge plus more.
There are usually several levels of landscaping classes that you can choose from, in accordance with your current knowledge. The basic landscaping classes will most likely have to do with being able to identify certain kinds of plants, and how they can be implemented into various landscaping designs.
One important thing that you should know about landscaping is that you will need to pay attention to the kinds of plants that work well in your climate. For example, if you like a certain kind of plant, but that plant is only right in warmer climates, and you live in a colder climate, you will need to find a plant that can work with your climate.
Another important thing to learn about landscaping is the quality of soil that you have, because it varies with the climate. The kind of soil that you have should have sufficient nutrients, so you might need to get soil that has all the nutrients that your plants need. If you decide to take a class about landscaping, that should be one of the topics.
While your front yard landscaping is generally going to be about other people and what they see, your backyard landscaping is all about you. Backyard landscaping is one of the most popular methods in improving your outdoor space without spending too much money on materials, labor and other tasks involved in implementing a landscape design.
With backyard landscaping, not only can you achieve an improved overall appearance of your outdoor area, adding landscape elements can also benefit your home by providing environmental functions, increasing real estate value of your home, saving energy costs and adding privacy to your home.
Backyard landscaping can alter a person’s mood and perception because of the environmental feel of the area. As a result, people who work at home can improve productivity from work when they can work on a stress-free environment. Landscape elements in your backyard can have a positive effect on people with illnesses by giving the patient’s mind a relaxing state that speeds up recovery.
The good thing about backyard landscaping is you can take control of sunshine and air purification. By planning the placements of trees, shrubs and other elements, you can improve air circulation in your backyard, while maintaining adequate sunlight to enter your outdoor space. In addition, planting trees can help reduce pollution because plants can control erosion, reduce wind speed levels and noise effects, disperse mist and help in influencing snow deposition.
Reflect Your Interests
Backyard Landscaping is really very important as this is a place which is a safe and beautiful. Some of the best backyard landscaping ideas for you include making the yard in a style your own. Try to figure out what some of the things are that are important to your family and try to incorporate these things into your backyard landscaping ideas. For instance, if you are really interested in fishing or other outdoor sports, you might want to add these things into your backyard landscaping ideas. Remember that your backyard should be something that you like, and somewhere that your family feels at ease.
Make it Fun
No one said that backyard landscaping ideas had to include frumpy ideas that no one would like. If you are doing your landscaping you should be trying your very best to really make it fun for everyone. Do what you can to make sure that you are allowing yourself and your family plenty of room to play, whether that is with sandboxes, hammocks or a back porch for entertaining guests.
No matter where you live, you are probably going to be spending some time of the year in your backyard. So be sure to make it somewhere that you’d love to be and have some things that everyone will love incorporated in the backyard as well. Try to make it a place which has something to hold every family members interest.
Get everyone’s Input
Backyard landscaping is not just positioning plants in your backyard. Backyard landscaping ideas include asking for everyone’s help and for their suggestions as well. Your whole family can help design the backyard and they can all let you know what they’d like to see in it. If you’d like to get their input but you don’t’ want a million ideas, try to create some ideas on your own and then ask your family for which ones they like best.
The question arises though, exactly what type of backyard landscaping is best for your house. Even young children and seniors can put in their two cents worth. A mosaic stepping-stone competition amongst family members can give you material for a unique walk way into your backyard. By building a tree house (or at least starting with a bird house) you can get the entire family more involved in the outdoors.
If you can let everyone take ownership of the backyard landscaping ideas and everyone feels like they are playing a part, they are going to be more likely to enjoy the backyard and lend a hand in its maintenance and upkeep too!
Use the Internet
An internet search of “Backyard Landscaping Ideas” will give you and your family ideas of what people are doing all over the country. Just make a list of 5 things that everyone agrees on and get started.
Have fun and enjoy!
Copyright © John Hanna All Rights Reserved.
This article may be distributed freely on your website and in your ezines, as long as this entire article, copyright notice, links and the resource box are unchanged.
DOUG
May
31
Save Energy With the Right Landscaping
Filed Under Gardening | Comments Off
Doug Woodall asked:
You are in the process of modernizing your home, and as such you would also like to do some contemporary landscaping. (Contemporary- existing or occurring at, or dating from, the same period of time as something or somebody else). You would really like to do your own landscaping, but are considering hiring professional landscapers because you are not especially familiar with landscaping. So, what you need are some contemporary landscaping ideas.
About Contemporary Landscaping
History: Contemporary landscaping began to emerge in northern Europe during the first half of the 20th century, and combined elements of English landscape gardening with influences from modern architecture. New materials such as wood, concrete, metal and glass, and other non-traditional materials found their way into the creation of this new vitality. Contemporary landscaping utilized variations in scale, time, space and texture to create abstract patterns. Newer designs also created innovations in light and space, often told in color, creating new focal points and visual patterns.
There is actually no one kind of contemporary landscaping, since modern houses love to emulate older styles, especially the English Garden look. If this look appeals to you, consider that for one of your contemporary landscaping ideas.
Most people will say that the point of landscaping is to “beautify” your yard but energy efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy and to be beautiful.
Remember, if you decide to landscape only one section of the yard at a time, you will still need an overall plan. That’s why when it comes to landscaping put the plan on a plain sheet of paper. So for people who are into landscaping, it is best to have a copy of some of the landscaping books that are available in the market.
Best of all, landscaping books do not just provide techniques and methods that are ideal for the activity, they provide different information regarding plants, the materials to be used, and other topics that have something to do with landscaping. Consider spot and flood lighting that will highlight the rock placement within the landscaping and where you will obtain the power feed for that lighting. Increasingly, homeowners are going to the next level with landscaping, and are investing time and money in outdoor lighting.
Everyone knows that landscaping can enhance the beauty of your indoor or outdoor area, but not everyone is aware that you can use this method to save money for heating, cooling and electricity costs too. Be aware that if you place shrubs and trees strategically in your backyard, you can guarantee a reduction in your bills.
During cold seasons, these shrubs and trees can protect your home from frosty winds, allowing your home to reduce losing heat at a rapid rate. Equally, landscaping can reduce the need for cooling equipment because the trees could provide your home adequate shade. Not only can landscaping beautify your indoor or outdoor area, it can improve residential privacy, increase the real estate value of your home and provide you with a more comfortable living area while saving energy costs. With a little investment, your can benefit from a long-term energy efficient solution that you can perform on your own.
However, if you’re planning to cut energy costs by landscaping, be aware that you need careful planning and implementation of your project to ensure all elements can work to benefit your home.
Steps to Follow
To yield maximum results from your landscaping, you need to consider and implement some energy-saving methods. For instance, some energy commissions recommend using specific trees that could reduce the cooling costs of your home to over 25 per cent. The type of tree you choose to plant in your backyard largely affects how much shade it could provide your home. Ask for recommendations from your local Energy Commission or other landscaping experts about the right tree to plant based on your available area and needs of your home.
Planning how to give shade to your home is an important part of landscaping because it can reduce air temperature inside and outside your home up to 6 degrees. The location on where you plant the trees can also affect the cooling and heating benefits they could provide in your home. Most experts recommend planting trees at the northwest-southwest and northeast-southeast parts of your home. When you are planning to plant vines and vegetables for your landscaping project, make sure to consider air circulation before starting the project. Be aware that improper placement of vines, fences and other elements in your backyard could trap summer heat and increase the need for cooling equipments.
With any kind of elements you wish to add with your landscaping, it is best to plan carefully to ensure that each location and placement will reduce energy costs. With a successful project, not only can you beautify your home, you also reduce bills throughout the year, regardless of the season.
Copyright © John Hanna All Rights Reserved.
This article may be distributed freely on your website and in your ezines, as long as this entire article, copyright notice, links and the resource box are unchanged.
ABEL
___________________________________________________________________
You are in the process of modernizing your home, and as such you would also like to do some contemporary landscaping. (Contemporary- existing or occurring at, or dating from, the same period of time as something or somebody else). You would really like to do your own landscaping, but are considering hiring professional landscapers because you are not especially familiar with landscaping. So, what you need are some contemporary landscaping ideas.
About Contemporary Landscaping
History: Contemporary landscaping began to emerge in northern Europe during the first half of the 20th century, and combined elements of English landscape gardening with influences from modern architecture. New materials such as wood, concrete, metal and glass, and other non-traditional materials found their way into the creation of this new vitality. Contemporary landscaping utilized variations in scale, time, space and texture to create abstract patterns. Newer designs also created innovations in light and space, often told in color, creating new focal points and visual patterns.
There is actually no one kind of contemporary landscaping, since modern houses love to emulate older styles, especially the English Garden look. If this look appeals to you, consider that for one of your contemporary landscaping ideas.
Most people will say that the point of landscaping is to “beautify” your yard but energy efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy and to be beautiful.
Remember, if you decide to landscape only one section of the yard at a time, you will still need an overall plan. That’s why when it comes to landscaping put the plan on a plain sheet of paper. So for people who are into landscaping, it is best to have a copy of some of the landscaping books that are available in the market.
Best of all, landscaping books do not just provide techniques and methods that are ideal for the activity, they provide different information regarding plants, the materials to be used, and other topics that have something to do with landscaping. Consider spot and flood lighting that will highlight the rock placement within the landscaping and where you will obtain the power feed for that lighting. Increasingly, homeowners are going to the next level with landscaping, and are investing time and money in outdoor lighting.
Everyone knows that landscaping can enhance the beauty of your indoor or outdoor area, but not everyone is aware that you can use this method to save money for heating, cooling and electricity costs too. Be aware that if you place shrubs and trees strategically in your backyard, you can guarantee a reduction in your bills.
During cold seasons, these shrubs and trees can protect your home from frosty winds, allowing your home to reduce losing heat at a rapid rate. Equally, landscaping can reduce the need for cooling equipment because the trees could provide your home adequate shade. Not only can landscaping beautify your indoor or outdoor area, it can improve residential privacy, increase the real estate value of your home and provide you with a more comfortable living area while saving energy costs. With a little investment, your can benefit from a long-term energy efficient solution that you can perform on your own.
However, if you’re planning to cut energy costs by landscaping, be aware that you need careful planning and implementation of your project to ensure all elements can work to benefit your home.
Steps to Follow
To yield maximum results from your landscaping, you need to consider and implement some energy-saving methods. For instance, some energy commissions recommend using specific trees that could reduce the cooling costs of your home to over 25 per cent. The type of tree you choose to plant in your backyard largely affects how much shade it could provide your home. Ask for recommendations from your local Energy Commission or other landscaping experts about the right tree to plant based on your available area and needs of your home.
Planning how to give shade to your home is an important part of landscaping because it can reduce air temperature inside and outside your home up to 6 degrees. The location on where you plant the trees can also affect the cooling and heating benefits they could provide in your home. Most experts recommend planting trees at the northwest-southwest and northeast-southeast parts of your home. When you are planning to plant vines and vegetables for your landscaping project, make sure to consider air circulation before starting the project. Be aware that improper placement of vines, fences and other elements in your backyard could trap summer heat and increase the need for cooling equipments.
With any kind of elements you wish to add with your landscaping, it is best to plan carefully to ensure that each location and placement will reduce energy costs. With a successful project, not only can you beautify your home, you also reduce bills throughout the year, regardless of the season.
Copyright © John Hanna All Rights Reserved.
This article may be distributed freely on your website and in your ezines, as long as this entire article, copyright notice, links and the resource box are unchanged.
ABEL
May
29
Classic Landscape Designs and Traditional Landscape Designs in Houston Texas
Filed Under Gardening | Comments Off
Jeff Halper asked:
In the first millennium, a wealthy Roman family would most likely have had a garden surrounding their home. In it, you might find an open-air palazzo, pergola-style structures dripping with vines and blooming flowers, a dining area with couches for relaxation, water features such as an outdoor water fountain or wall fountain, and walkways that led out into the garden proper, perhaps to a prized rosebush or into an olive grove. These are some of the elements characterizing what is now called classical landscape design, also known as traditional landscape design.
Classical landscape design is a subset of formal landscape design that uses linear, clean lines to develop an uncluttered look. These lines can be drawn with rows of trees and well-trimmed hedges, perfect plantings for the classical landscape design. Or perhaps a seat wall made of regimented terra cotta tiles can do double-duty. Here and there, vines, such as ivy or wisteria, can soften any harshness. In this regard, this style is similar to the Mediterranean landscape design with its Roman and Greek influences.
The History of Classical Landscape Design
Borrowing influences from previous civilizations, classical landscape design solidified in Rome and the surrounding countryside. Villas were built with comfortable courtyards, sparkling with the sound of water, shaded by large trees, fragrant with rosemary and citrus fruits. It was from this setting that we got the term “pleasure garden.”
In England of the late 1700s, property owners started looking backwards, past the Baroque period and the Renaissance, to the beginnings of western civilization. There, they found classical landscapes making use of woods, water, indigenous plants and small temples. These elements were incorporated into the gardens of that day, further defining the principles of traditional landscape design.
By the way, when Rome fell to the barbarians, the gardens had become so exquisite that the barbarians chose not to ransack them. Instead they kept them up and learned from them. This development is one of the early examples of how we, as humans, learned that beauty can change the world: it can stop violence. This principle is now being used to good effect in gardens started as rehabilitation projects in prisons, inner cities and ghettos.
Choices in Classical Landscape Design
As with all landscape design, the architecture of the house needs to be considered when using a traditional landscape design. For this style, the home and landscape can be tied together through the subtle placement of a hardscape feature, such as the use of tumbled travertine for the courtyard flooring.
Because of the formal principles inherent in this style, you want to strike a balance when choosing materials between boring blandness and baroque lavishness. Think instead in terms of interesting variety. For instance, well-contained decorative gravel can provide color and texture. Courtyards, pool decking and patios should use materials that are symmetrical, in keeping with the formal style. Stone, terra cotta tiles and flagstone are appropriate choices. Granite benches, concrete grottoes and marble urns add sturdiness and reference antiquities.
Your preference for classical landscape design can also be demonstrated in the plants you choose. Your residential garden will be enhanced by fruit trees and other dwarf trees-or perhaps a stand of cypress, mulberry or fig trees. The cheery colors of marigolds, hyacinths and roses are well suited for the classical landscape design. Herbs planted in terra cotta pots scent the air and provide fresh flavor in your outdoor kitchen cooking.
Hardscapes in Classical Landscape Design
Color, form, line, scale, and texture are your means of expressing classical landscape design preferences just as they are with modern landscape design.
Hardscapes to include:
? Outdoor rooms for outdoor living. These living areas, in effect, make your home bigger. They also serve to create transition areas that connect the indoor and outdoor spaces. Plus, they further the notion that a garden is a place of rejuvenation. In particular, outdoor kitchens are important to the traditional landscape design.
? Outdoor water fountains. If you remember your ancient world history classes, you know that the Romans perfected the aqueduct. So water is prized within classical landscape design and nothing showcases it like a picture-perfect outdoor water fountain. Look for fountains in formal, Romanesque, Italianate, Mediterranean and rustic styles. Those made of tile, cast stone, cast iron and concrete work particularly well with this style.
? Swimming pools. When placed within a classical landscape design, the shape of your swimming pool should tend towards basic geometric shapes like rectangles and ovals. Thus, the shape of the pool frames the water and turns it into a classical design element of the landscape. It is often efficient to combine the pool with an outdoor water fountain to eliminate some maintenance redundancies.
? Landscape lighting. Landscape lighting is another important element of traditional landscape design as it creates ambiance and lets you enjoy the outdoors, night and day.
Classical Landscape Design: A Houston Setting
“We implemented a classical landscape design for one of our Houston clients, whose home was French Country. For the garden, we chose a design that closely resembles a famous garden in Florence,” says Jeff Halper with Exterior Worlds. “The landscape design makes good use of gravel and limestone, which looks very natural in a Houston garden. And we planted boxwoods, which we trim and shape regularly as part of a well-thought-out residential landscape maintenance plan. It is a lovely and relaxing space.”
JERROD
In the first millennium, a wealthy Roman family would most likely have had a garden surrounding their home. In it, you might find an open-air palazzo, pergola-style structures dripping with vines and blooming flowers, a dining area with couches for relaxation, water features such as an outdoor water fountain or wall fountain, and walkways that led out into the garden proper, perhaps to a prized rosebush or into an olive grove. These are some of the elements characterizing what is now called classical landscape design, also known as traditional landscape design.
Classical landscape design is a subset of formal landscape design that uses linear, clean lines to develop an uncluttered look. These lines can be drawn with rows of trees and well-trimmed hedges, perfect plantings for the classical landscape design. Or perhaps a seat wall made of regimented terra cotta tiles can do double-duty. Here and there, vines, such as ivy or wisteria, can soften any harshness. In this regard, this style is similar to the Mediterranean landscape design with its Roman and Greek influences.
The History of Classical Landscape Design
Borrowing influences from previous civilizations, classical landscape design solidified in Rome and the surrounding countryside. Villas were built with comfortable courtyards, sparkling with the sound of water, shaded by large trees, fragrant with rosemary and citrus fruits. It was from this setting that we got the term “pleasure garden.”
In England of the late 1700s, property owners started looking backwards, past the Baroque period and the Renaissance, to the beginnings of western civilization. There, they found classical landscapes making use of woods, water, indigenous plants and small temples. These elements were incorporated into the gardens of that day, further defining the principles of traditional landscape design.
By the way, when Rome fell to the barbarians, the gardens had become so exquisite that the barbarians chose not to ransack them. Instead they kept them up and learned from them. This development is one of the early examples of how we, as humans, learned that beauty can change the world: it can stop violence. This principle is now being used to good effect in gardens started as rehabilitation projects in prisons, inner cities and ghettos.
Choices in Classical Landscape Design
As with all landscape design, the architecture of the house needs to be considered when using a traditional landscape design. For this style, the home and landscape can be tied together through the subtle placement of a hardscape feature, such as the use of tumbled travertine for the courtyard flooring.
Because of the formal principles inherent in this style, you want to strike a balance when choosing materials between boring blandness and baroque lavishness. Think instead in terms of interesting variety. For instance, well-contained decorative gravel can provide color and texture. Courtyards, pool decking and patios should use materials that are symmetrical, in keeping with the formal style. Stone, terra cotta tiles and flagstone are appropriate choices. Granite benches, concrete grottoes and marble urns add sturdiness and reference antiquities.
Your preference for classical landscape design can also be demonstrated in the plants you choose. Your residential garden will be enhanced by fruit trees and other dwarf trees-or perhaps a stand of cypress, mulberry or fig trees. The cheery colors of marigolds, hyacinths and roses are well suited for the classical landscape design. Herbs planted in terra cotta pots scent the air and provide fresh flavor in your outdoor kitchen cooking.
Hardscapes in Classical Landscape Design
Color, form, line, scale, and texture are your means of expressing classical landscape design preferences just as they are with modern landscape design.
Hardscapes to include:
? Outdoor rooms for outdoor living. These living areas, in effect, make your home bigger. They also serve to create transition areas that connect the indoor and outdoor spaces. Plus, they further the notion that a garden is a place of rejuvenation. In particular, outdoor kitchens are important to the traditional landscape design.
? Outdoor water fountains. If you remember your ancient world history classes, you know that the Romans perfected the aqueduct. So water is prized within classical landscape design and nothing showcases it like a picture-perfect outdoor water fountain. Look for fountains in formal, Romanesque, Italianate, Mediterranean and rustic styles. Those made of tile, cast stone, cast iron and concrete work particularly well with this style.
? Swimming pools. When placed within a classical landscape design, the shape of your swimming pool should tend towards basic geometric shapes like rectangles and ovals. Thus, the shape of the pool frames the water and turns it into a classical design element of the landscape. It is often efficient to combine the pool with an outdoor water fountain to eliminate some maintenance redundancies.
? Landscape lighting. Landscape lighting is another important element of traditional landscape design as it creates ambiance and lets you enjoy the outdoors, night and day.
Classical Landscape Design: A Houston Setting
“We implemented a classical landscape design for one of our Houston clients, whose home was French Country. For the garden, we chose a design that closely resembles a famous garden in Florence,” says Jeff Halper with Exterior Worlds. “The landscape design makes good use of gravel and limestone, which looks very natural in a Houston garden. And we planted boxwoods, which we trim and shape regularly as part of a well-thought-out residential landscape maintenance plan. It is a lovely and relaxing space.”
JERROD
May
28
Seeking a Landscape Contractor in Orlando? Arm yourself With Information
Filed Under High Heels | Comments Off
Richard Gilliland asked:
So, you live in Orlando and you need to find a landscape contractor…but where do you begin? Begin by asking yourself what’s important to you. Of course, price will be a factor when hiring a landscape contractor, but there are many in the Orlando area that will provide low-cost landscaping assistance with exceptional service and value.
Orlando homeowners should look for landscape contractors who provide landscape maintenance, installation, pest control and much more. Exceptional service, presented in a timely manner, is also key when choosing your landscape contractor. They should stand behind their work to make sure that every Orlando homeowner is satisfied beyond a doubt.
When looking at all of the landscape contractors in the Orlando area, you can find one company that does it all…Commercial Landscaping and Maintenance, Mowing, Edging, Trimming, Blowing, Leveling - Fill Dirt, Tree/Stump Removal, Trash Removal, Sod Installation…and more!
But whether you are seeking the assistance of a landscape contractor in Orlando to recommend and maintain a few plants, or to plan an entire landscape for your home, be sure to ask if they are certified with the FNGLA (Florida Nursery, Growers & Landscape Association). As a consumer, you deserve to have the most knowledgeable landscape contractor to handle your landscape needs. The FNGLA symbolizes knowledge and professionalism in the Orlando area.
As an Orlando homeowner, you should know that Florida has a horticulture industry certification program - the only one of its kind in the state - that provides landscape industry professionals with an opportunity to earn a professional designation as a Landscape Contractor or Landscape Designer. The FNGLA sponsors this unique industry certification program, and in order to receive full accreditation, landscape industry professionals must complete an extensive exam.
How else can you evaluate the qualifications of your landscape contractor? Well, start by asking the following questions of them.
1. Are you a certified member of the FNGLA as a Landscape Contractor in Orlando?
2. How long have you been in business as a Landscape Contractor in the Orlando area?
3. Do you have an Orlando-based business telephone and address?
4. Do you have a vehicle with your company name on the side?
5. Will you provide me with a copy of your Landscape Contractor’s certificate of insurance issued in Orlando?
6. Do you have a license to work as a Landscape Contractor in the Orlando area?
7. Can you provide a list of references in the Orlando area whom I may contact about your work as a landscape contractor?
8. Do you offer a warranty on parts and labor?
9. Will you guarantee that overspray will be at a minimum?
10. Are you going to zone the sprays and rotors separately to prevent over watering?
Any Landscape Contractor you decide to hire should be comfortable answering these questions and you should be comfortable with their answers.
SIDNEY
So, you live in Orlando and you need to find a landscape contractor…but where do you begin? Begin by asking yourself what’s important to you. Of course, price will be a factor when hiring a landscape contractor, but there are many in the Orlando area that will provide low-cost landscaping assistance with exceptional service and value.
Orlando homeowners should look for landscape contractors who provide landscape maintenance, installation, pest control and much more. Exceptional service, presented in a timely manner, is also key when choosing your landscape contractor. They should stand behind their work to make sure that every Orlando homeowner is satisfied beyond a doubt.
When looking at all of the landscape contractors in the Orlando area, you can find one company that does it all…Commercial Landscaping and Maintenance, Mowing, Edging, Trimming, Blowing, Leveling - Fill Dirt, Tree/Stump Removal, Trash Removal, Sod Installation…and more!
But whether you are seeking the assistance of a landscape contractor in Orlando to recommend and maintain a few plants, or to plan an entire landscape for your home, be sure to ask if they are certified with the FNGLA (Florida Nursery, Growers & Landscape Association). As a consumer, you deserve to have the most knowledgeable landscape contractor to handle your landscape needs. The FNGLA symbolizes knowledge and professionalism in the Orlando area.
As an Orlando homeowner, you should know that Florida has a horticulture industry certification program - the only one of its kind in the state - that provides landscape industry professionals with an opportunity to earn a professional designation as a Landscape Contractor or Landscape Designer. The FNGLA sponsors this unique industry certification program, and in order to receive full accreditation, landscape industry professionals must complete an extensive exam.
How else can you evaluate the qualifications of your landscape contractor? Well, start by asking the following questions of them.
1. Are you a certified member of the FNGLA as a Landscape Contractor in Orlando?
2. How long have you been in business as a Landscape Contractor in the Orlando area?
3. Do you have an Orlando-based business telephone and address?
4. Do you have a vehicle with your company name on the side?
5. Will you provide me with a copy of your Landscape Contractor’s certificate of insurance issued in Orlando?
6. Do you have a license to work as a Landscape Contractor in the Orlando area?
7. Can you provide a list of references in the Orlando area whom I may contact about your work as a landscape contractor?
8. Do you offer a warranty on parts and labor?
9. Will you guarantee that overspray will be at a minimum?
10. Are you going to zone the sprays and rotors separately to prevent over watering?
Any Landscape Contractor you decide to hire should be comfortable answering these questions and you should be comfortable with their answers.
SIDNEY
May
28
How do I figure out how many yards of topsoil I need to cover my front and back yard?
Filed Under Garden & Landscape | Comments Off
mytidbitz asked:
We’d like to spread it 3″ thick. Our front yard measurements are 74×16, 74×93, and 17×33 (the landscaper we hired measured in 3 parts)
We’d like to spread it 3″ thick. Our front yard measurements are 74×16, 74×93, and 17×33 (the landscaper we hired measured in 3 parts)
Our backyard is 68×90. How do I figure out how many cubic yards of soil I need? Thanks so much!
KURT
May
27
How do I post something online that I want to sell For FREE?
Filed Under Small Business | Comments Off
*Little One* asked:
I want to sell a painting my mom bought me. My family just found out that the hospital cancled my dad’s brain surgery(anuerysm) & we are struggling financially. My dad’s been through many health issues since May (he’s a landscaper). If you don’t have any answers please at least give me your prayers. Thank you!
For safety reasons, I can’t enable communication between us, but I want to say thank you for your dedication to giving me the answers I need so quickly. My gratitude far greater than I am able to express. Thank you all! Thank you for your prayers, that is far greater than anything else! God Bless
DEVON
I want to sell a painting my mom bought me. My family just found out that the hospital cancled my dad’s brain surgery(anuerysm) & we are struggling financially. My dad’s been through many health issues since May (he’s a landscaper). If you don’t have any answers please at least give me your prayers. Thank you!
For safety reasons, I can’t enable communication between us, but I want to say thank you for your dedication to giving me the answers I need so quickly. My gratitude far greater than I am able to express. Thank you all! Thank you for your prayers, that is far greater than anything else! God Bless
DEVON
May
26
Commercial Landscape Maintenance in Houston Texas
Filed Under Gardening | Comments Off
Jeff Halper asked:
Integrity. Professionalism. Fiscal stability. Operating efficiencies. Ethical standards. These concepts are key traits of all top commercial real estate management companies. Not surprisingly, they describe top commercial landscape maintenance companies, as well.
As a commercial property manager or owner, you want to find a commercial landscape maintenance company who will partner with you in reaching your long- and short-term goals. With your daily priorities of meeting the needs and demands of tenants, establishing property security and controlling budgets, time management is critical. Therefore, it will make your job easier to work with a provider who honors your time. Finally, every property is unique, and so you want to work with a landscape service company who will maintain your property so that its strengths are maximized and, just as important, its weaknesses minimized.
Components of a Commercial Landscape Maintenance Program
First, the benefits. A quality maintenance program provides these four advantages:
? Presents a positive image to your customers or tenants and their customers
? Protects your investment
? Extends and retains tenants by maintaining beautiful grounds
? Helps conserve and enhance property value
The basic components of a commercial landscape maintenance program involve:
Landscape design services and installation-
1. Design and installation. In the landscape design phase, a landscape service provider will work with you on the program elements, permitting issues, design approach-including your likes and dislikes-and aesthetics. The next phase may include landscape layout, planting plans and cost studies. In providing landscape services, a true professional should work diligently and patiently to help you define the scope of your project, determine the scheduling, coordinate vendors, assist in the selection of materials, and develop a final budget.
2. Landscape lighting. A well-designed landscape lighting system gives a commercial property 24/7 visibility. Since lighting is a big deterrent of crime, one of the most important services that it delivers is safety, thereby providing an invaluable service to establishments that conduct business at night, such as hotels, country clubs, social clubs, colleges, schools, museums, and restaurants. Ultimately, though, the main propose of landscape lighting is to create a beautiful nighttime vista of the landscape.
3. Irrigation systems. Money savings and convenience are the two main descriptors of an irrigation system. It supplies the appropriate amount of water to the appropriate plant material. It separates the lawn, beds and color areas into different zones that require different watering conditions due to the various plant types and sunlight conditions. Finally, it utilizes controller box technologies, such as timers, time delays and rain sensors, that let you set an automatic schedule based on your landscape needs while, at the same time, allowing you to switch to manual for unplanned events.
4. Drainage systems. With Houston’s heavy soils, low-lying areas and torrential rains, a proper landscape drainage system is essential for three reasons: a) to protect your property from flooding b) to protect the foundation of the building(s) from cracking and uneven shrinkage or swelling c) to properly drain roofs and landscaped areas to avoid standing water that can cause slippery surfaces, breeding grounds for mosquitoes or drowned landscaping. A landscape drainage system should be viewed as a whole to ensure that its appropriate functions and fixtures work together properly.
Regular maintenance-
1. Turf maintenance. One of the most basic features of a commercial landscape maintenance program, turf maintenance is more than just cutting the grass. It is edging, feeding and treating-all activities that promote healthy growth. And it is meticulous clean-up so that your tenants can quickly return to enjoying the grounds once the crew leaves.
2. Trimming hedges and ground covers. As part of a thorough commercial landscape maintenance program, hedges, shrubs and bushes should be trimmed regularly to the desired contours. Ground cover and vines should be edged to maintain a neat appearance. The intention is to ensure that all elements conform to the overall plan of the landscape design.
3. Tree care. A top-notch commercial landscape maintenance company will attend to trees, which are valuable assets. Houston summers can be very stressful for trees, so deep-root fertilization is important because it promotes healthy trees. Aeration also encourages root growth. Trees should be inspected regularly for any insect infestations. Insects, such as pine bark beetles and boring insects, can be tree killers, sometimes striking very quickly, especially when Houston’s weather turns hot or if trees are suffering due to construction duress.
4. Fertilizations. Critical to plant health, regular fertilization is a form of insurance for your plants. Commercial landscape maintenance providers should have a methodical feeding program that insures the health of tropical, acidic and seasonal color plants. The feeding program may also include spring and fall aeration of lawn areas with the application of fall rye grass.
5. Herbicide and insecticide treatments. These programs are also critical to plant health. Continual observation and diagnosis of plant pests and diseases are the last part of a complete and proactive commercial landscape maintenance program.
Seasonal Color-
1. Seasonal plantings are an important part of presenting a positive image for any commercial property. You will want to work with a commercial landscape maintenance company whose extensive knowledge of plant material, color, and texture creates eye-catching designs.
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance can be your best defense against potential landscape and property damage-or something going wrong just when you need it to go right. In the long run, preventive maintenance saves money.
As a precaution, a professional commercial landscape maintenance company will make periodic surveys of your property to ensure that everything is in good order. Items on the checklist include:
? Tree inspection. Watch for branches touching the building or overhead wires. Dead limbs need to be trimmed to promote vigorous growth. Trees should be regularly checked for disease, decay or wounds and swift action taken as needed.
? Irrigation inspection. It is critical to have irrigation systems working smoothly as proper maintenance minimizes large amounts water pouring out of broken lines and heads. Jeff Halper with Exterior Worlds says, “This service is so important for commercial properties. For some of our clients, it has meant savings of as much as $5,000 to $10,000 per month.”
SONNY
Integrity. Professionalism. Fiscal stability. Operating efficiencies. Ethical standards. These concepts are key traits of all top commercial real estate management companies. Not surprisingly, they describe top commercial landscape maintenance companies, as well.
As a commercial property manager or owner, you want to find a commercial landscape maintenance company who will partner with you in reaching your long- and short-term goals. With your daily priorities of meeting the needs and demands of tenants, establishing property security and controlling budgets, time management is critical. Therefore, it will make your job easier to work with a provider who honors your time. Finally, every property is unique, and so you want to work with a landscape service company who will maintain your property so that its strengths are maximized and, just as important, its weaknesses minimized.
Components of a Commercial Landscape Maintenance Program
First, the benefits. A quality maintenance program provides these four advantages:
? Presents a positive image to your customers or tenants and their customers
? Protects your investment
? Extends and retains tenants by maintaining beautiful grounds
? Helps conserve and enhance property value
The basic components of a commercial landscape maintenance program involve:
Landscape design services and installation-
1. Design and installation. In the landscape design phase, a landscape service provider will work with you on the program elements, permitting issues, design approach-including your likes and dislikes-and aesthetics. The next phase may include landscape layout, planting plans and cost studies. In providing landscape services, a true professional should work diligently and patiently to help you define the scope of your project, determine the scheduling, coordinate vendors, assist in the selection of materials, and develop a final budget.
2. Landscape lighting. A well-designed landscape lighting system gives a commercial property 24/7 visibility. Since lighting is a big deterrent of crime, one of the most important services that it delivers is safety, thereby providing an invaluable service to establishments that conduct business at night, such as hotels, country clubs, social clubs, colleges, schools, museums, and restaurants. Ultimately, though, the main propose of landscape lighting is to create a beautiful nighttime vista of the landscape.
3. Irrigation systems. Money savings and convenience are the two main descriptors of an irrigation system. It supplies the appropriate amount of water to the appropriate plant material. It separates the lawn, beds and color areas into different zones that require different watering conditions due to the various plant types and sunlight conditions. Finally, it utilizes controller box technologies, such as timers, time delays and rain sensors, that let you set an automatic schedule based on your landscape needs while, at the same time, allowing you to switch to manual for unplanned events.
4. Drainage systems. With Houston’s heavy soils, low-lying areas and torrential rains, a proper landscape drainage system is essential for three reasons: a) to protect your property from flooding b) to protect the foundation of the building(s) from cracking and uneven shrinkage or swelling c) to properly drain roofs and landscaped areas to avoid standing water that can cause slippery surfaces, breeding grounds for mosquitoes or drowned landscaping. A landscape drainage system should be viewed as a whole to ensure that its appropriate functions and fixtures work together properly.
Regular maintenance-
1. Turf maintenance. One of the most basic features of a commercial landscape maintenance program, turf maintenance is more than just cutting the grass. It is edging, feeding and treating-all activities that promote healthy growth. And it is meticulous clean-up so that your tenants can quickly return to enjoying the grounds once the crew leaves.
2. Trimming hedges and ground covers. As part of a thorough commercial landscape maintenance program, hedges, shrubs and bushes should be trimmed regularly to the desired contours. Ground cover and vines should be edged to maintain a neat appearance. The intention is to ensure that all elements conform to the overall plan of the landscape design.
3. Tree care. A top-notch commercial landscape maintenance company will attend to trees, which are valuable assets. Houston summers can be very stressful for trees, so deep-root fertilization is important because it promotes healthy trees. Aeration also encourages root growth. Trees should be inspected regularly for any insect infestations. Insects, such as pine bark beetles and boring insects, can be tree killers, sometimes striking very quickly, especially when Houston’s weather turns hot or if trees are suffering due to construction duress.
4. Fertilizations. Critical to plant health, regular fertilization is a form of insurance for your plants. Commercial landscape maintenance providers should have a methodical feeding program that insures the health of tropical, acidic and seasonal color plants. The feeding program may also include spring and fall aeration of lawn areas with the application of fall rye grass.
5. Herbicide and insecticide treatments. These programs are also critical to plant health. Continual observation and diagnosis of plant pests and diseases are the last part of a complete and proactive commercial landscape maintenance program.
Seasonal Color-
1. Seasonal plantings are an important part of presenting a positive image for any commercial property. You will want to work with a commercial landscape maintenance company whose extensive knowledge of plant material, color, and texture creates eye-catching designs.
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance can be your best defense against potential landscape and property damage-or something going wrong just when you need it to go right. In the long run, preventive maintenance saves money.
As a precaution, a professional commercial landscape maintenance company will make periodic surveys of your property to ensure that everything is in good order. Items on the checklist include:
? Tree inspection. Watch for branches touching the building or overhead wires. Dead limbs need to be trimmed to promote vigorous growth. Trees should be regularly checked for disease, decay or wounds and swift action taken as needed.
? Irrigation inspection. It is critical to have irrigation systems working smoothly as proper maintenance minimizes large amounts water pouring out of broken lines and heads. Jeff Halper with Exterior Worlds says, “This service is so important for commercial properties. For some of our clients, it has meant savings of as much as $5,000 to $10,000 per month.”
SONNY
May
24
Does the canary island date palm have the orange/yellow berries?
Filed Under Garden & Landscape | Comments Off
schmidt77586 asked:
I have a huge tree that looks like the photos of the canary island date palm. Mine gets huge clusters of yellow/orange berries. is this the canary island date palm? A landscaper told me that to buy that tree is about $6 grand. Is that true also?
ERROL
I have a huge tree that looks like the photos of the canary island date palm. Mine gets huge clusters of yellow/orange berries. is this the canary island date palm? A landscaper told me that to buy that tree is about $6 grand. Is that true also?
ERROL
May
23
Tips On Landscaping Your Garden
Filed Under Gardening | Comments Off
Cindy Heller asked:
Everyone knows that one of the key elements to having a beautiful home is having a great landscaped background. Planning your landscape design definitely requires making a plan. There are plenty of common landscape design ideas and features available for you to gain inspiration when beginning an attractive landscape project. With a few helpful tips, you can save money on your landscaping without sacrificing quality or beauty and get yourself a fulfilling landscaping experience.
Tips #1 - Before planning, look at all the resources you already have
The first step in doing your landscape is to look at what you already have. Keep a list of things you presently like and dislike, as well as your plan for the use of your landscape space. Be sure to bear in mind how your home looks during different seasons, and what you like and dislike about each one. Keep a record of all the good things about your existing landscape, the changes you’d like to make, and the additional landscaping design you would like to have. Ideally, you should do this for one year, so that you can see what you have during each season. A tip to do this is to keep a journal or folder of landscape ideas. Find out what is it that you like and dislike about the current landscape design and write it down in this folder or journal.
Tips #2 - Steal your landscaping ideas from other people
Originality is good, but not in the case of landscaping. If you have seen any landscaping design that you like, copy it, tweak it and make it your own. Trust me, originality often fail people. Things always turn out different from what you imagine in your mind.
You can gather ideas by looking at pictures in books, magazines, on the Internet, or by driving around the neighborhood and taking pictures. Next to the images you collect make certain you take in the things that you believe you will need to construct a particular feature, or keep notes on things you would do to tweak a design to make it all your own. Combine different design ideas into something that you like. The point is to look for ideas that will help you accomplish your goals, while you are thinking about what you already have and what you will use your landscape for.
Tips #3 - Take into consideration the style of your home
Nothing is more awful than having different styles built into your landscape and your home. Before beginning your landscaping work, the style of your home must be taken into account. Think also about your lifestyle. Do you want to spend hours caring for many beds of annuals or pruning beds of roses? If so, go ahead and plant them. However, if you prefer to spend your free time at the beach, then go for an easy-care garden and landscape.
Tips #4 - Spend some time thinking about exactly how you want the final design to be
You need to take account of the style and function of your landscape. If you have a rural cottage, formal gardens surrounding it will look out of place. When planning your landscape, keep in mind your space needs. Do you want to include an area for entertaining? A barbeque? Would the flowerbed in the middle of the lawn inhibit family games? Is there to be an area for children to play, a fishpond or a swimming pool? An idea of the plants you want to be there will also help. Focus on the area where you spend most of your time. That’s a good place to start.
Tips #5 - When planning your landscape, keep in mind your space needs
When planning your landscape, be sure and take into consideration what the space will be used for. The best designs combine attractiveness with utility and are an essential part of the landscaping process.
Tips #6 - Think twice before hiring a designer
Do you know that an independent designer might cost you hundreds of dollars. Before hiring a pro to do the job, check out the various free resources first. You may be able to access free plans on the internet or at a nursery. But if you have an awkward block such as very steep ground, a designer may give you the expertise to save costly mistakes.
JODY
Everyone knows that one of the key elements to having a beautiful home is having a great landscaped background. Planning your landscape design definitely requires making a plan. There are plenty of common landscape design ideas and features available for you to gain inspiration when beginning an attractive landscape project. With a few helpful tips, you can save money on your landscaping without sacrificing quality or beauty and get yourself a fulfilling landscaping experience.
Tips #1 - Before planning, look at all the resources you already have
The first step in doing your landscape is to look at what you already have. Keep a list of things you presently like and dislike, as well as your plan for the use of your landscape space. Be sure to bear in mind how your home looks during different seasons, and what you like and dislike about each one. Keep a record of all the good things about your existing landscape, the changes you’d like to make, and the additional landscaping design you would like to have. Ideally, you should do this for one year, so that you can see what you have during each season. A tip to do this is to keep a journal or folder of landscape ideas. Find out what is it that you like and dislike about the current landscape design and write it down in this folder or journal.
Tips #2 - Steal your landscaping ideas from other people
Originality is good, but not in the case of landscaping. If you have seen any landscaping design that you like, copy it, tweak it and make it your own. Trust me, originality often fail people. Things always turn out different from what you imagine in your mind.
You can gather ideas by looking at pictures in books, magazines, on the Internet, or by driving around the neighborhood and taking pictures. Next to the images you collect make certain you take in the things that you believe you will need to construct a particular feature, or keep notes on things you would do to tweak a design to make it all your own. Combine different design ideas into something that you like. The point is to look for ideas that will help you accomplish your goals, while you are thinking about what you already have and what you will use your landscape for.
Tips #3 - Take into consideration the style of your home
Nothing is more awful than having different styles built into your landscape and your home. Before beginning your landscaping work, the style of your home must be taken into account. Think also about your lifestyle. Do you want to spend hours caring for many beds of annuals or pruning beds of roses? If so, go ahead and plant them. However, if you prefer to spend your free time at the beach, then go for an easy-care garden and landscape.
Tips #4 - Spend some time thinking about exactly how you want the final design to be
You need to take account of the style and function of your landscape. If you have a rural cottage, formal gardens surrounding it will look out of place. When planning your landscape, keep in mind your space needs. Do you want to include an area for entertaining? A barbeque? Would the flowerbed in the middle of the lawn inhibit family games? Is there to be an area for children to play, a fishpond or a swimming pool? An idea of the plants you want to be there will also help. Focus on the area where you spend most of your time. That’s a good place to start.
Tips #5 - When planning your landscape, keep in mind your space needs
When planning your landscape, be sure and take into consideration what the space will be used for. The best designs combine attractiveness with utility and are an essential part of the landscaping process.
Tips #6 - Think twice before hiring a designer
Do you know that an independent designer might cost you hundreds of dollars. Before hiring a pro to do the job, check out the various free resources first. You may be able to access free plans on the internet or at a nursery. But if you have an awkward block such as very steep ground, a designer may give you the expertise to save costly mistakes.
JODY